Addressing Unstable Vibration Issues in Air Fans at a Waste Water Treatment Facility

Question:

| Check out the document attached (2). I am seeking assistance in addressing an issue of unstable vibration in the air fans at a waste water treatment facility. The system consists of 3 belt-driven air fans with a motor speed of 1470 RPM and fan speed of 820 RPM (overhung fan). After collecting vibration data on December 11, 2023, I found that 2 out of 3 fans exhibited high vibration levels, with amplitudes around 10 mm/s in the motor and 7 mm/s in the fan bearings. The FFT analysis revealed a predominant frequency of 820 CPM in both motor and fan bearings, indicating a possible unbalance issue. I performed balancing on December 12, 2023, which temporarily reduced the vibration levels to around 3 mm/s and 2 mm/s in the fans. However, the vibration amplitudes started increasing again with a dominant frequency of 820 CPM after a day of operation. Despite cleaning and replacing filters, checking mounting locations, and confirming damper positions, the issue persisted. Subsequent tests on December 16, 2024, showed vibration levels of around 16 mm/s (motor) and 8 mm/s (fan) with the same dominant frequency. Even after attempting to balance Air Fan 1 with a correction mass of 170 grams, the vibration levels fluctuated, reaching as high as 12 mm/s within a couple of days. It is important to note that the fans draw air from the atmosphere and discharge gases from the waste water, resulting in wet fan impellers during operation. The housing may contain water during start-up, which the client drains before starting the fans. Your insights on the attached data would be greatly appreciated. For further details, contact Shanmuga at +96569678166. ------------------------------ SHANMUGA SUNDARAM PACKIRISAMY ------------------------------

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Hello Shanmuga, I would like you to provide details about the shape and design of the fan impellers, specifically if there are any pockets or areas that could collect dirt, debris, or water, considering the original balance weights are still intact. Could you provide insights on whether the fan impellers have any pockets or crevices that may accumulate dirt, debris, or water, given that the original balance weights are unchanged? Thank you, Harout Arslanian

Dear Harout, The impeller on the fan rotor resembles a typical fan design. I doubt that water could accumulate during regular operation as the impeller was clean and free of debris. The equipment seemed to balance well after the initial correction mass was applied and ran smoothly. It's worth noting that both fan vibrations spiked simultaneously on December 12th, indicating an anomaly in the process that I have yet to pinpoint. Best regards, SHANMUGA SUNDARAM PACKIRISAMY RE: Unstable Vibration in Air Fan @ Waste Water Plant Hi Shanmuga, I would appreciate your assistance in resolving an issue with unstable vibrations in the air fans at the waste water treatment plant. Specifically, I am interested in the shape and design of the fan impellers. Are there any areas where dirt, debris, or water could collect within the impellers? Best regards, Harout Arslanian Hi, I am reaching out for support in addressing unstable vibration concerns with the air fans at our waste water treatment facility. We have three belt-driven air fans with a motor speed of 1470 RPM and a fan speed of 820 RPM. After noticing high vibration amplitudes on two of the fans on December 11, 2023, I suspected an imbalance and conducted rotor balancing. Although the vibration initially decreased after balancing, it began to rise again the following day. Despite cleaning filters, replacing damaged ones, and checking mounting locations and damper positions, the issue persists. Further tests on December 16, 2024, showed increasing vibration amplitudes, even after re-balancing Air Fan 1. It appears that the wet conditions of the fan impellers due to the enclosed operation may be contributing to the problem. I have attached the data for your review and insights. Best regards, SHANMUGA SUNDARAM PACKIRISAMY

Hi Shanmuga, I have a few more questions regarding the unstable vibration issue with the air fans at the waste water treatment plant: 1. Process abnormalities: Have there been any abnormalities in the process? Specifically, have you checked the suction and discharge pressures/flows, and temperatures? Do these parameters vary significantly during operation? 2. Damper Operation: Are the dampers in the system fixed or variable? Please measure the vibration while adjusting the damper settings to observe any effects on vibration levels. 3. Structural looseness: Have you thoroughly inspected the entire structure for potential looseness or cracks? 4. Equipment History: Can you provide any failure history for both the motor and the fan? Have any previous corrective actions, such as machining or other repairs, been taken? 5. Past behavior: What was the condition of the machine in the past, especially before your recent intervention? How was the fan behaving prior to the current issues you are addressing? Thank you, Harout Arslanian Unstable Vibration Issue in Air Fan @ Waste Water Plant Dear Harout, The impeller is designed like a typical fan rotor, and there doesn't seem to be any water accumulation during normal operation. The impeller was clean with no debris found. One interesting point is that both fan vibrations increased simultaneously on December 12th. There seems to be something abnormal related to the process that I am unable to identify. Best regards, SHANMUGA SUNDARAM PACKIRISAMY Unstable Vibration Issue in Air Fan @ Waste Water Plant Hi Shanmuga, With the original balance weights still in place, can you provide details on the shape and design of the fan impellers? Are there any areas where dirt, debris, or water could accumulate on the impellers? Thanks, Harout Arslanian Unstable Vibration Issue in Air Fan @ Waste Water Plant Hi, I require your assistance in resolving an unstable vibration problem with the air fans at a waste water treatment plant. Here is some information about the equipment: - Air Fans - Number of Fans: 3 - Equipment type: belt-driven - Motor Speed: 1470 RPM - Fan Speed: 820 RPM (overhung fan) On December 11, 2023, I observed high vibration levels in two out of three fans, leading to suspicions of unbalance. After balancing the rotor, the vibration amplitudes decreased but then started increasing again with a predominant frequency of 820 CPM. Despite cleaning filters and checking dampers, the issue persists. Further details and data are attached for your review. Please share your thoughts on the matter. Thank you, SHANMUGA SUNDARAM PACKIRISAMY

I encountered a similar issue with a fin-fan cooler in Oman, where despite repeated fan balancing, vibration amplitudes continued to increase. Eventually, a colleague used sand bags to alter the structure's natural frequency, effectively eliminating the vibration. My recommendation for your unstable vibration issue with air fans at a waste water treatment plant is to conduct a bump test at the motor support structure. I suspect you will discover a natural frequency at fan speed, indicating a need to adjust the mass or stiffness. Can you provide details on the fan impeller design and any areas where dirt or debris may accumulate? This information will help diagnose the root cause of the vibration problem.

Shanmuga, I have a suggestion - was the fan/motor frame isolated or secured during the initial balance process? Based on my experience with fans mounted on isolation, failures can occur and result in similar issues to what you are experiencing. I recommend locking down the frame and checking for balance, making necessary corrections. If the machine is located on the ground floor, isolators may not be necessary as they are typically used to isolate machine vibrations from the surrounding area. An easy test involves placing wooden wedges next to the isolators while monitoring vibration. It is likely that vibration levels will decrease as the failed isolator is blocked with the wedge. Keep in mind that machine isolators have a limited lifespan and can deteriorate due to conditions such as rusty springs or degraded rubber. It is advisable to inspect these components and replace them if necessary, or remove them entirely. G Kaiser. Original Message: Sent: 1/10/2024 1:21:00 AM From: Harout Arslanian Subject: RE: Unstable vibration in Air Fan @ Waste Water Plant Hi Shanmuga, When balancing the rotor, it is essential to consider the original balance weights that are still in place. Can you provide details about the shape and design of the fan impellers? Specifically, are there areas on the impellers where dirt, debris, or water could accumulate? ------------------------------ Harout Arslanian ------------------------------

Taking into consideration the observations made, it's possible the fan impellers could be accumulating residue over time which could lead to an imbalance, thus causing the fan to vibrate. These residue deposits could form on different areas of the impeller, resulting in uneven dispersal of mass. While an initial balancing will briefly rectify the problem, as the fans operate and potentially accumulate more residue, the imbalance, and hence vibrations, would likely return. This is supported by your note regarding wet impellers during operation. You may want to look into a way to prevent residue buildup on the fan impellers or perhaps consider a different fan design less prone to such issues.

Hi Shanmuga, thanks for sharing the data and providing a comprehensive explanation. The vibration issue you're experiencing seems to be a complicated one, especially given the numerous steps you've already tried. Based on your FFT analysis and the constant presence of the 820 CPM frequency, it indeed suggests an unbalance issue. However, we also need to consider the dampening effects caused by the water within the housing during start-up and how they could affect your balance correction. Perhaps the swimming effect, caused when the fan is wet from moisture, is creating an imbalance that then persists even after drying. Have you inspected the blades closely for any signs of erosion or irregularities? Minor physical discrepancies from corrosion or damage could have a huge impact at these speeds, leading to unbalanced fans once they've dried. Lastly, make sure your balancing operations always take place when the fan impellers are dry, as wet versus dry conditions could greatly influence the balancing results.

Based on the data you've shared and the issue presented, my immediate thought is that it might be an issue with harmonic resonance. This could be due to a lack of structural rigidity or potential coupling misalignment. Given the nature of your operations (the draw and discharge dynamics), inevitably wet conditions can lead to imbalances as the drying process can be uneven and thus add weight irregularity to the blades. If the balance of the impellers gets affected, it could lead to unstable vibrations. You might want to try adjusting the speed of the fans slightly to avoid a resonant frequency, though this would only be a temporary solution. Periodic service on your fans that includes precise rebalancing might be necessary, especially given the moist operating conditions.

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Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

FAQ: 1. What could be causing the unstable vibration in the air fans at the waste water treatment facility?

Answer: Answer: The unstable vibration in the air fans could be attributed to issues such as unbalance, wet fan impellers, or potential mechanical faults within the system.

FAQ: 2. How effective was the balancing performed on the air fans in reducing vibration levels?

Answer: Answer: The balancing performed on the air fans temporarily reduced the vibration levels, but the amplitudes started increasing again with a dominant frequency of 820 CPM after a day of operation.

FAQ: 3. What steps were taken to address the unstable vibration issues in the air fans?

Answer: Answer: Steps such as cleaning and replacing filters, checking mounting locations, confirming damper positions, and attempting balancing with correction masses were taken to address the vibration issues, but the problem persisted.

FAQ: 4. How can the presence of water in the fan housing during start-up impact the vibration levels?

Answer: Answer: The presence of water in the fan housing during start-up can potentially contribute to the vibration issues, especially if not properly managed or if it affects the balance of the fan components.

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